Stomach Cancer: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment _ Discuss at 13th World Gastroenterology, IBD & Hepatology Conference.

 What is stomach cancer?

Stomach cancer, also known as gastric cancer, is a type of cancer that begins in the stomach. The stomach is located in the upper centre of the abdomen, right below the ribs. The stomach aids in the breakdown and digestion of meals. Stomach cancer can occur anywhere in the stomach. Most stomach cancers occur in the main section of the stomach in the majority of the world. This is known as the stomach body.

Stomach cancer is more likely to begin at the gastroesophageal junction in the United States. This is where the long tube that transports the food you swallow meets the stomach. The oesophagus is the tube that transports food to the stomach.

One factor that health care practitioners consider when developing a treatment plan is where the cancer begins in the stomach. Other factors may include the stage of the cancer and the type of cells involved. Surgery to remove stomach cancer is frequently used in treatment. Other treatments may be utilised before to and following surgery.

If the cancer is only in the stomach, stomach cancer treatment is most likely to be successful. Small stomach cancer patients have a favourable prognosis. Many people can be cured. Most stomach cancers are discovered when the disease has progressed and a cure is unlikely. Stomach cancer that spreads to other regions of the body or develops through the stomach wall is more.

Symptoms

Among the signs and symptoms of stomach cancer are:

Having difficulty swallowing

Pain in the abdomen

Having a bloated feeling after eating

Feeling satiated after consuming tiny amounts of food

Not feeling hungry when you should be hungry

Heartburn

Indigestion

Nausea

Vomiting

Losing weight without making an effort

I'm quite exhausted.

Stools that appear to be black

In its early stages, stomach cancer does not often create symptoms. When they occur, symptoms may include indigestion and pain in the upper abdomen. Symptoms may not appear until the malignancy has spread. Later stages of stomach cancer may cause symptoms such as fatigue, weight loss without effort, vomiting blood, and black stools.

Metastatic stomach cancer refers to stomach cancer that has spread to other areas of the body. It creates symptoms that vary depending on where it spreads. When cancer spreads to the lymph nodes, for example, it might generate lumps that can be felt through the skin. Cancer that spreads to the liver may cause skin and eye whites to yellow. If cancer spreads within the belly, fluid may fill the cavity. The stomach may appear enlarged.

Causes

It is unknown what causes stomach cancer. Most stomach cancers, according to experts, begin when something damages the stomach lining. Examples include having a stomach infection, long-standing acid reflux, and consuming a lot of salty foods. However, not everyone with these risk factors develops stomach cancer. More research is needed to determine the exact cause.

Cancer cells in the stomach have the ability to enter and kill healthy bodily tissue. They may begin to develop further into the stomach wall. Cancer cells can break free and travel to other places of the body over time. Metastasis occurs when cancer cells spread to another section of the body.

Gastric cancer types

Adenocarcinomas

The majority of stomach malignancies (90–95%) are adenocarcinomas. These cancers arise from gland cells in the stomach's innermost lining (the mucosa).

When you are diagnosed with stomach cancer (or gastric cancer), it is nearly invariably an adenocarcinoma. The information on the following pages about stomach cancer is about this type of cancer.

Stomach adenocarcinomas are classified into two types:

The intestinal kind has a slightly better prognosis (prognosis). Certain gene changes in cancer cells are more likely, which may allow for treatment with targeted drug therapy.

The diffuse variety spreads more quickly. It is less prevalent than the intestinal kind and is more difficult to treat.

Risk elements

The following factors enhance the risk of stomach cancer:

Gastroesophageal reflux disease refers to persistent difficulties with stomach acid backing up into the oesophagus.

A diet strong in smoked and salted foods

A diet deficient in fruits and vegetables

Infection of the stomach caused by Helicobacter pylori.

Gastritis is the swelling and irritation of the inside of the stomach.

Polyps are noncancerous cell growths in the stomach caused by smoking.

Family history of stomach cancer and various cancers, such as hereditary diffuse gastric cancer, Lynch syndrome, juvenile polyposis syndrome, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, and familial adenomatous polyposis

Prevention

You can reduce your chance of stomach cancer by doing the following:

 

Consume an abundance of fruits and vegetables. Every day, try to include fruits and vegetables in your diet. Choose a range of brightly coloured fruits and veggies.

Reduce your intake of salty and smoked foods. Limit these foods to protect your tummy.

Quit smoking. Quit smoking if you smoke. Don't start smoking if you don't already. Smoking raises your chances of developing stomach cancer as well as many other types of cancer. Quitting smoking might be difficult, so seek advice from your doctor.

Inform your doctor if stomach cancer runs in your family. People with a strong family history of stomach cancer may be screened for the disease. Screening tests can detect stomach cancer before it becomes a problem.

When should you see a doctor?

Make an appointment with your health care provider if you see any signs or symptoms that concern you. Many medical conditions can cause symptoms similar to stomach cancer. Before testing for stomach cancer, your provider may rule out other possible explanations.

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